[2023] Crashing on launch

I don't see anything in those files to explain your problem. In there CK3.exe is crashing with c0000409 rather than 0x000012d though.

What if you run ck3.exe directly from File Explorer, any different?  

The main difference in running form the launcher or ck3.exe is the game settings, which are in Documents/Paradox Interactive/CK3/pdx_settings.txt

Windows error c0000409 apparently means missing or corrupted system files. Please try these Windows repair tools:

.NET

Microsoft .NET Framework Repair Tool is available - Microsoft Support

Describes the .NET Framework Repair Tool and how to obtain it. support.microsoft.com
SCANNOW:

Use the System File Checker tool to repair missing or corrupted system files - Microsoft Support

Describes how to use the System File Checker tool to troubleshoot missing or corrupted system files in Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 or Windows Vista. support.microsoft.com
Good luck!  

Did those tools find anything to fix?

Right click on ck3.exe , properties, compatibility. Tick "disable fullScreen optimisations" untick every other box in that dialog, Apply and exit.

Then in the launcher Game Settings menu, select fullScreen display mode, Vsync off, cap refresh rate at 60.

If those don't help:
DXDIAG is a program you run from the Windows search box on the task bar. After running it will open a window and start collecting info with a progress bar in the lower-left corner. When it completes click the 'save all information' button and save it to a file then attach that file here.

Please attach here your Documents/Paradox Interactive/CK3/pdx_settings.txt .  

Please cap refresh rate to 60, as I suggested- its at 120 in there.

You should also update to the nVidia driver 531.29 or later, as the previous one had severe bugs.

Good luck!