Lead producer of the LEC here. In general there is about 3-5 seconds between the live game and observer, so the audience in the studio sees the games virtually instantly.
The encoding process + stream output results in an additional 30-45 seconds. All-in-all, for live games on stage our delay to the average viewer is generally around or slightly below a minute.
In the LEC where teams may play remotely due to COVID, our observer delay for games is at minimum 3 minutes to ensure competitive integrity, but we usually do 10 minutes to build a buffer. We use those 7 minutes to skip over pauses on air whenever issues relating to the remote environment (like internet issues, etc) arise.