There are two types of stealth checks that happen.
1 Continuous - A player stealth update calcs their light level, updates noises and sets themself as noise source on AI entities if they are the higher than other player's noise. AI checks players in their vision cone based on distance vs that player light and then target the player. The player noise on the AI, if above a threshold, will wake the AI. Noise will also make it investigate and do a vision check, which could cause it to see a closer player than the one that made the noise.
2 Triggering a sleeper volume - This happens once per AI based on stealth modified light level vs distance and only determines attack vs active. They will go active in any event and continuous stealth checks may hear or see you at any time after that.