No, the game treats single player as an instanced server. So it functions in almost exactly the same way.
Which might sound like a pain, but it allows a lot of freedom of options. Particularly the ability to make yourself admin and customize the game to any preference of play.
Do you not like purges showing up and busting your stuff? Turn them off.
Do you think the game is too hard or too easy? Customize everything from your health to how fast you level up
Do you love building but hate farming and waiting for stuff to build? Set your build time down and set gather rates super high
Do you wanna see wangs? Turn nudity options to full in the server options as admin and then adjust your settings to match it.
Are you offended by boobs but not violence? Set nudity to none