[2022] How do debuff work for minions and do minions inherit certain item effects?

Kinda, some terms are a little off but basically, yes.

It’s less that your minions are benefitting from it and rather that the enemy is hurting from it. If you apply Critical Vulnerability to an enemy, anything that attacks that enemy, including other party members and their minions, will critically strike more often because it has higher crit vulnerability.

What Manifest Armor inherits is inconsistent so you can’t know for certain without testing but try to think of it like the minion is wielding the weapon itself. Your dodge would not matter for what stats Manifest Armor gets but rather the Manifest Armor’s dodge is what matters. I’m also not actually sure if that mod in particular will work or not. I feel like it should but I could be wrong.

It’s almost always a problem in the implementation that prevents it from working. About 2 years ago we changed how unique items apply their unique properties. This led to most of the new ones working much better with Manifest Armor but some are still just incompatible. Most of the old ones were converted to use the new system but some still use the old style.