According to The Collector's tooltip: If you deal damage that would leave an enemy below 5% of their maximum health, execute them.
The excute damage is not infinity damage or something like 9999 damage, it's actually dealing enemy's 5% max health. For example, it'll deal 50 true damage to a 1000 max health target.
So for some edge case like Sona(-20% damage dealt) attacking Akali(-15% damage taken). If Akali has 2000 max health and Sona triggered The Collector's execution, it was suppost to dealt 100 true damage to Akali. But since Akali has -15% damage taken and Sona has -20% damage dealt, the damage will actually be 100 x 0.65 = 65 true damage. Which means the excution will fail(the excute sound will still be played but enemy won't die).
This also work on the true damage from snowball(Mark/Dash) as well.
video proof(The Collector part start from 1:30)
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