This was addressed directly in the roadmap: Team Update & June - July Roadmap - News | Lost Ark - Free to Play MMO Action RPG
Our teams work with Smilegate RPG to evaluate a variety of factors when looking at which Advanced Class to release at a specific time, such as planned balance updates/reworks, relevance of the abilities and playstyle to other content, community feedback, and more. The release of the Glaivier and Destroyer Advanced Classes provide a good example. Our teams knew we wanted the Destroyer to release at (or around) the Valtan Legion Raid for players to begin leveraging the massive stagger damage in end-game activities. However, releasing the Destroyer shortly before a planned rework wouldn’t be a great experience, so we pulled forward the fan-favorite Glaivier Advanced Class into its place, and released the Destroyer alongside Valtan.
The next class to be released is indeed a Mage class, like you called out, because there are currently only 2 mage subclasses available.