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The kind of resources required to keep someone healthy enough to continuously live for years at a time to jail them long enough for punishment would be monstrous in those times. It's simply not worth it. Better to just torture and execute them, then make an example out of them for future generations. Now you're killing two birds with one stone.
actually the opposite for knights and nobility, because the noble families would pay a nice ransom, very rarely were they intentionally executed if they were found wounded after a battle. it's a lot better to keep a thousand knights prisoner and feed them and get a fat payout. also, they typically wouldn't escape; code of chivalry and all that. IIRC one noble prisoner was allowed to go take a trip from being a prisoner in france back to england for his daughter's wedding or something, and then came back to france and returned to captivity.
that being said if you weren't a noble you could count on being executed if you were not able to walk post-battle