[2021] Combat in A19

That's a lot of questions. If you want to know the answers for sure, you can locate your Config/items.xml file. All attacks are initiated by an item, whether a real item like a stone spear you wield (meleeWpnSpearT0StoneSpear) or an imaginary 'item' like meleeHandZombie01, which is what a basic zombie attacks you with. You can deep dive into the entity damage and various possible status effects from every attack in the game.