With a noisy auger running and poor lighting underground, it could be easy enough to not notice the terrain blocks above you collapsing until it’s too late. The game would make a whole mountain collapse at once if it could, but it’s limited by how fast your machine can do all the structural integrity calculations.
I believe it’s an “Art of Mining” book that gives you immunity or at least reduced damage from mine collapses (e.g. damage from falling blocks).