[2023] Unbelievably Frequent Crashes to Desktop

Right click on ck3.exe , properties, compatibility. Tick "disable fullScreen optimisations" untick every other box in that dialog, Apply and exit.
Then in the launcher Game Settings menu, select fullScreen display mode, Vsync off, cap refresh rate at 60.

THEN test with a new unmodded campaign. Any better?

If those don't help:
DXDIAG is a program you run from the Windows search box on the task bar. After running it will open a window and start collecting info with a progress bar in the lower-left corner. When it completes click the 'save all information' button and save it to a file then attach that file here.

Please attach here your Documents/Paradox Interactive/CK3/pdx_settings.txt .
From your Documents/Paradox Interactive/CK3/logs/ folder, attach here system.log , error.log , exceptions.log  

The refresh rate cap is off still, can you set it to 60 please?

And delete that system.log file - does it make a new one?  

I've seen that a couple of times - if the system.log were populated you'd see every resolution only shows 144hz, no other. Whether this is some issue or 'feasture' of recent nVidia drivers or cards I do not know.

What fps are you seeing in the game? If it's over 144hz cap it to that at least.

And, what CPU and GPU temperatures are you seeing in the game before it crashes?  

Erabior said: MSI afterburner

Does that app have a way of capping fps? We really need to do that , with it or any other way that's available to you!

That aside, your problem may be this issue that's under investigation right now:
https://forum.paradoxplaza.com/forum/posts/29036648/vote?type=up
Please try using Affinity as I describe there, see if that helps!