Not a bug with the game itself*
My Laptop has a bizarre dual GPU architecture whereby a single proprietary NVIDIA driver controls both a high end and integrated card, picking whichever one to use whenever appropriate. The manufacturer made sure this works absolutely fine in Windows, but in Linux things are a wee bit unstable.
This particular error occurred when putting the system to rest mode with factorio running in the background. It’s pretty interesting to look at nonetheless, and still technically playable. The map view and inventory screen are still completely normal.