A lot more than you think. According to facepunch official 2022 stats. There were two million players and over 800,000 banns. That's just the ones who were caught.
https://rust.facepunch.com/2022
Scripting in rust is the most common, ESP is toggled during raids and monument runs. Most hackers toggle because you're less likely to get caught.
My assumption is, players don't want to lose loot they spent hours acquiring, so they cheat. Which pretty much eliminates the point of rust anyway.
This is also why Rust is so toxic. Cheaters know they can't lose. So they power trip on the fact that they can treat players however they wish and they can get away with it.
Ironically, if someone is cheating in a video game it's most likely compensation for being a neckbeard/incel in real life.
The way these stats were presented and communicated wasn't good.
17+ million sales, and 800k bans in Rust's lifetime, a high % of these bans were not permanent bans, they were temporary suspensions or bans unrelated to cheating.
In 2022, we saw 9 million unique accounts, not 2 million. The two million was a reference to just Facepunch servers.
Many cheat accounts were temporarily banned pending investigation; then, a permanent ban was applied. This counted as two bans in our metrics.