[2021] Crash immediately after launch?

No obvious problems evident in those files; although the game is not supported on Intel video systems that would normally only make it run slow, not crash. Because it's Windows 7 we don't get any crash data in dxdiag.

If you exit the Steam app entirely then run stellaris.exe directly from File Explorer, do you see any Windows error when it crashes?

Our similar game Crusader kings 2 is free to play onSteam now, does it have a similar problem?  

The crash is in an AMD video driver:

Fault Module Name: atiumd64.dll

yet there is no AMD video listed in that dxdiag. Was there perhaps an AMD card that has been removed? If so yu should use this utility to remove its drivers:
https://support.amd.com/en-us/kb-articles/Pages/AMD-Clean-Uninstall-Utility.aspx