jericho_beach said:
Are there launcher updates that are independent from game updates
Absolutely, they are separate apps with a different dev team. As the same launcher is used for multiple games, it would make no sense to have it's development tied to one particular game.
jericho_beach said:
Unfortunately this is the latest version of the OS that I can get for this machine.
The newest iMac that cannot run anything later than 10.13 is 27" iMac Mid 2011 iMac12,2 - is that what you have, or something older?
You might check here:

Easily check which versions of mac OS, iOS, iPadOS, or watchOS are compatible with your Mac model or iDevice.
eshop.macsales.com
jericho_beach said:
I don't know if different versions of the launcher are cross-compatible. Does cross-platform multiplayer need to be played on the most recent version of the Launcher?
Aside from selecting the Steam or Nakama MP service, the launchers have nothing to do with MP whatsoever.