[2022] Game constantly crashes until it stops launching altogether

From that error log you have some problem saved games there.

If you move all saves to elsewhere then start a new campaign under the new 1.6.1 patch, do you still get these crashes?  

The game is not mentioned in that dxdiag, but there are several worrying crashes in parts of Window in it. Would you say you are having other problems on this machine outside this game?

If you run the Update utility manually, does it find anything to fix? If so do that and reboot.

Then run this Windows repair tool:

Use the System File Checker tool to repair missing or corrupted system files

Describes how to use the System File Checker tool to troubleshoot missing or corrupted system files in Windows 8.1, Windows 8, Windows 7 or Windows Vista. support.microsoft.com
Good luck!