Heads take more stagger damage that limbs, tails and the main body don’t take stagger damage.
Tails* take more part damage than other parts if you’re using slashing type attacks (sword, axe, and the non-wounding attacks from pike and chain blades).
All parts take the same amount of core damage, except if you’re using Drask weapons (don’t).
*technically any part that’s internally flagged as “severable” but for most behemoths that’s just the tail.
Just to add to that, hammers "Weighted Crown Mod" which you can unlock in the Slayers tree says "Stagger damage is no longer halved when attacking Behemoth legs" which is a pretty good tip off on how Stagger works on different parts.