Yes, we used a currency called Emission Permits and simulated the EU "stock exchange" of the real-life pendant. (Obviously not how it does exactly work, but a cool representation) Everyone got a limited amount of them, that was refreshed daily to a lesser amount. (E.g. you start out with 10 and get refilled to 5 per day) We built a building where we offered claims for a currency exchange and people had to buy their emits from other people that defined their price for them, giving non-polluting people a bit of control about pollution via pricing. Concept worked great, but it's a hard thing to balance what should cost how many emission permits. (And depends greatly on how many people are participating in the stock exchange)
People also got permits for doing good things - planting trees, removing wood pulp. Like in the EU system you can get certificates / not need to pay them when you make your co2 usage good via other means, for example planting forests.