I don't know how this problem could occur as you describe in one Window user profile but not another, unless there are still some game, mod or launcher files left in your original Windows user profile folders.
In your reinstalls, did you make 100% sure there are no files or folders left under either the GoG Stellaris or Documents GoG locations, before installing again?
If you run stellaris.exe from File Explorer does the same thing happen?
DXDIAG is a program you run from the Windows search box on the task bar. After running it will open a window and start collecting info with a progress bar in the lower-left corner. When it completes click the 'save all information' button and save it to a file then attach that file here.
Please attach here your Documents/Paradox Interactive/Stellaris/settings.txt and pdx_settings.txt .
From your Documents/Paradox Interactive/Stellaris/logs/ folder, attach here system.log , error.log , exceptions.log