Avast is the AV app causing us the most problems at present. You might need to get help from their support to ensure that the launcher and game can read and write to the Windows User Documents folder.
You may not have mods_registry.json as that's an old file no longer used, but the sqlite one ought to be there. In Windows Explorer click on Documents in the left column, then in the right pane double click on Paradox Interactive and Stellaris. You should see it in there. Depending on your Windows Explorer settings it may display as just launcher-v2. And the mod folder should be there too.
You may not have mods_registry.json as that's an old file no longer used, but the sqlite one ought to be there. In Windows Explorer click on Documents in the left column, then in the right pane double click on Paradox Interactive and Stellaris. You should see it in there. Depending on your Windows Explorer settings it may display as just launcher-v2. And the mod folder should be there too.